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{{NeedsPronunciation}}[[Category:Needs Audio Pronunciation]][[Category:Needs Written Pronunciation]]
{{Cleanup|reason=Grammar section is directly taken from Wikipedia, could use some more sources about what defines a pronoun, and about the statistics of better mental health when people's pronouns are respected, misgendering section needs filled out}}{{OtherIdentity|also_called=Preferred pronoun}}{{Quote|We must remember that the English pronoun system is not fixed. Several centuries ago the objective plural you drove the nominative and objective singulars thou and thee and the nominative plural ye out of general use. It appears to have happened for social reasons, not linguistic reasons. They, their, them have been used continuously for six centuries, and have been disparaged in such use for about two centuries.|—Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of English Usage, 1994}}In linguistics and grammar, a '''pronoun''' (abbreviated '''pro''') is a word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase. For transgender, nonbinary, and gender non-conforming people, choosing a preferred pronoun may be a very part of gender presentation.
 
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{{Copied|original=LGBTA Wiki}}
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{{OtherIdentity
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|image1=[[Pnq Pronoun Questioning - @imoga-pride.png]]
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|caption1=Pronoun questioning flag
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|also_called=Preferred pronoun}}
 
{{Quote|We must remember that the English pronoun system is not fixed. Several centuries ago the objective plural you drove the nominative and objective singulars thou and thee and the nominative plural ye out of general use. It appears to have happened for social reasons, not linguistic reasons. They, their, them have been used continuously for six centuries, and have been disparaged in such use for about two centuries.|Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of English Usage, 1994}}
  +
A '''pronoun''' (abbreviated '''pro''' or '''prn''') is a word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase. For transgender, nonbinary, and gender non-conforming people, choosing a preferred pronoun may be a very important part of gender presentation and how that person perceives their gender.
   
The adjective associated with "pronoun" is "'''pronominal'''". A pronominal is also a word or phrase that acts as a pronoun. For example, in ''That's not the one I need'', the phrase ''the one'' a pronominal.
+
The adjective associated with "pronoun" is "'''pronominal'''". A pronominal is also a word or phrase that acts as a pronoun. For example, in ''That's not the one I need'', the phrase ''the one'' is a pronominal.
   
  +
Personal gender pronouns may be called "preferred" pronouns, but this phrasing can imply that using someone's pronouns is optional<ref>https://medium.com/genderchic/pronouns-are-not-preferred-aa0d9383b7d1</ref>, and has fallen out of use.
== Grammar ==
 
  +
Pronouns ''(antōnymía)'' are listed as one of eight parts of speech in ''The Art of Grammar'', a treatise on Greek grammar attributed to Dionysius Thrax and dating from the 2nd century BC. The pronoun is described there as "a part of speech substitutable for a noun and marked for a person." Pronouns continued to be regarded as a part of speech in Latin grammar (the Latin term being ''pronomen'', from which the English name – through Middle French – ultimately derives), and thus in the European tradition generally.
 
 
==Grammar==
 
Pronouns ''(antōnymía)'' are listed as one of eight parts of speech in ''The Art of Grammar'',<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronoun#Grammar</ref> a treatise on Greek grammar attributed to Dionysius Thrax and dating from the 2nd century BC. The pronoun is described there as "a part of speech substitutable for a noun and marked for a person." Pronouns continued to be regarded as a part of speech in Latin grammar (the Latin term being ''pronomen'', from which the English name – through Middle French – ultimately derives), and thus in the European tradition generally.
   
 
In more modern approaches, pronouns are less likely to be considered to be a single word class, because of the many different syntactic roles that they play, as represented by the various different types of pronouns listed in the previous sections.
 
In more modern approaches, pronouns are less likely to be considered to be a single word class, because of the many different syntactic roles that they play, as represented by the various different types of pronouns listed in the previous sections.
   
== English Personal Pronouns ==
+
==Personal and possessive==
 
Personal pronouns may be classified by person, number, gender and case. English has three persons (first, second and third) and two numbers (singular and plural). Most commonly recognized in the third person singular, there are also distinct pronoun forms for male, female and neutral gender.
English pronouns have a number of different syntactic contexts:
 
   
 
English pronouns have a number of different contexts:
 
{| class="article-table"
 
{| class="article-table"
 
|+Common personal pronouns in standard Modern English
 
|+Common personal pronouns in standard Modern English
Line 79: Line 89:
 
|}
 
|}
   
 
==List of pronouns==
== Personal and possessive ==
 
 
''See main article: [[Pronoun/List]]''
Personal pronouns may be classified by person, number, gender and case. English has three persons (first, second and third) and two numbers (singular and plural). Most commonly recognized in the third person singular there are also distinct pronoun forms for male, female and neutral gender.
 
   
=== Exipronouns ===
+
===Exipronouns===
''Main article: [[Exipronoun]]''
+
''Main article: [[Exipronoun]]''<br>
  +
'''Exipronouns''' refer to "traditional" pronouns in a given language, and the term was coined as a complement to the word [[neopronoun]].
   
 
===Neopronouns===
'''Exipronoun''' was coined to compliment the word neopronouns and refers to he/she/they/it; "Traditional" pronouns.
 
 
''Main article: [[Neopronoun]]''<br>
 
 
'''Neopronouns''' are any set of singular, third person pronouns that are not officially recognized in a given language, typically created with the intent of being a gender neutral pronoun set.
=== Neopronouns ===
 
''Main article: [[Neopronoun]]''
 
 
'''Neopronouns''' are are any set of singular third person pronouns that are not officially recognized in the language they are used in, typically created with the intent of being a gender neutral pronoun set.
 
 
==== Nounself ====
 
''Main article: [[Nounself]]''
 
   
 
====Nounself====
 
''Main article: [[Nounself]]''<br>
 
'''Nounself pronouns''' are a subset of neopronouns that are more directly based on words, often nouns.
 
'''Nounself pronouns''' are a subset of neopronouns that are more directly based on words, often nouns.
   
=====History=====
+
====Emojiself====
 
''Main article: [[Emojiself]]''<br>
It is unclear where the word "nounself" itself was first coined, although it may be on Tumblr because of the amount of popularity that nounself sets gained, starting in 2015.
 
=====Thonself=====
 
The earliest example of what could be called a nounself pronoun was proposed by by American lawyer Charles Crozat Converse in 1884. Converse took the words "this one" and "that one" and proposed ''thon'' as a gender-neutral pronoun set.{{Quote|thon. Pronoun of the 3rd person, common gender, meaning “that one, he she, or it”: a neoterism proposed by Charles Crozat Converse, and apparently complying with the neoteristic canons, since it supplies an antecedent blank, obeys a simple and obvious analogy, and is euphonious.|—Funk and Wagnalls, Supplement to A Standard Dictionary of the English Language, 1903|https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/third-person-gender-neutral-pronoun-thon}}For most of the 20th century, ''thon'' appeared in various publications of Funk and Wagnalls, and also spread to another dictionary, Merriam-Webster’s Second New International Dictionary (1934 edition). ''Thon'' was removed from abridged dictionary in the third edition.
 
=====Humanist Pronouns=====
 
Often called humanist pronouns, ''hu/hum/hus/hus/humself'' was used in several college humanities texts published by Bandanna Books and originated by editor Sasha Newborn in 1982.
 
=====Faeself And Others=====
 
One of the most commonly recognized nounself pronoun sets is ''fae/faer'', first seen online in 2013.<ref>https://heterosexualisnotadefault.tumblr.com/post/635251444970291201/pronouns-i-have-encountered-in-no-particular-order</ref>{{Quote|Okay, so!
 
 
Why did I choose fae/vaer as my pronouns?
 
 
Because I am fae. I am described as such by people who don’t know me — fae and feline and not-exactly-human. I do identify as faen, and in some ways angel as well, and fae and angel are the goals of my presentation. My choice of fae as a pronoun reflects this.
 
 
Using fae as a pronoun started out half a joke, a 1am offhand comment that fae would be one of the only things I could use as a pronoun and identify with. The next morning, it wasn’t so much a joke anymore, and by the end of the day my girlfriend and I had come up with how fae would work as a pronoun.
 
 
To address the point about fae as binary or not — it depends on your source material.
 
My personal view on this is that fae and fae creatures as stand outside the binary. They probably have some form of gender, but it’s most definitely not our human binary. Angels, on the other hand, are genderless. They have no sex and they have no gender. Together, fae and angels are the two sides of androgyny that are possible, and kind of form a secondary arc around the male/female binary: that of gendered/genderless.
 
 
…so in some ways, I’m using fae as a giant ‘fuck you’ to the gender binary and a refusal of much of the American culture surrounding gender. My gender is yes. Except when it’s no. Either way, it’s not male or female and using a pronoun that is very associated with creatures that stand outside humankind is, for me at least, a very good way to remind people of this constantly.|Eidolan}}
 
 
==== Emojiself ====
 
''Main article: [[Emojiself]]''
 
 
 
'''Emojiself pronouns''' are a subset of neopronouns and nounself pronouns that replace the content of the pronoun entirely with an emoji.
 
'''Emojiself pronouns''' are a subset of neopronouns and nounself pronouns that replace the content of the pronoun entirely with an emoji.
   
 
==Misgendering==
==== List of pronouns ====
 
''See main article: [[Pronoun/List]]''
+
''See main article: [[Misgendering]]''
  +
Using the incorrect pronouns for someone, when you are aware of their pronouns, is misgendering<ref>https://www.adl.org/education/resources/tools-and-strategies/lets-get-it-right-using-correct-pronouns-and-names</ref>. Misgendering is an act of erasure and transphobia, which has been linked to mental health struggles and suicide<ref>https://www.childtrends.org/blog/research-shows-the-risk-of-misgendering-transgender-youth</ref>. The U.S. Transgender Survey states that 54% of those living with unsupportive families, where their family members may misgender them, had attempted suicide within their lifetime. 37% of those with supportive families had attempted suicide at some point of their lives.<ref>http://affinitymagazine.us/2017/04/17/intentionally-misgendering-transgender-people-is-considered-violence/</ref>
   
  +
{{Quote|Because names and pronouns are the two ways people call and refer to others, they are personal and important. They are also key facets of our identity. Therefore, calling someone by the wrong name or “misgendering” them by using incorrect pronouns can feel disrespectful, harmful and even unsafe.|Let’s Get It Right: Using Correct Pronouns and Names|ADL.org}}{{Quote|According to the World Health Organization, violence is referred to as “the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation.”
== Misgendering ==
 
  +
When someone intentionally misgenders a transgender person, it can be noted as psychological abuse. Misgendering is dehumanizing; when you purposefully disregard someone’s gender, simply because they are not like you, it can lead to mental and physical harm.|Intentionally Misgendering Transgender People is Considered Violence|http://affinitymagazine.us/2017/04/17/intentionally-misgendering-transgender-people-is-considered-violence/}}
''See main article: [[Misgendering]]''
 
   
  +
==Flags==
Using the incorrect pronouns for someone when you are aware of their pronouns is misgendering. Misgendering is an act of erasure and transphobia.
 
  +
[[File:Pronoun Path.png|thumb|An example of the "pronoun path" format for flags.]]
  +
[[File:Halo halos by ezgender.png|thumb|Halo/haloself by Ezgender using zir format.]]
  +
Like other parts of a person's identity, such as their gender or orientation (or even their kink or disability), flags may be made specifically for pronouns. Unlike other facets of queer identity, pronoun flags at large don't follow any real common convention. Flags for pronouns vary wildly in design, number of stripes, and symbols used. A pronoun flag format called "pronoun path" is used by Tumblr user mothpride. This refers to a specific design of flag that uses two overlapping stripes, with each flag being unaligned with any identity, just pronouns. The first example of this format being used was posted November 10th, 2020, and the term "pronoun path" was first used in another post the same day.<ref>https://archive.is/Da1c8</ref>
   
  +
In 2021, Ezgender designed a proposed "standard pronoun template" and released a free online template for it.<ref>https://ezgender.tumblr.com/post/655434583038443520/pride-flag-templates-to-follow-up-my-pride-icon</ref>
== Gallery ==
 
   
== Sources ==
+
==Sources==
 
[[Category:Pronoun]][[Category:Terminology]]
'''''<nowiki/>'''''
 
[[Category:Pronoun]]
+
[[Category:Needs Work]]
[[Category:Terminology]]
 

Latest revision as of 01:51, 21 January 2022


We must remember that the English pronoun system is not fixed. Several centuries ago the objective plural you drove the nominative and objective singulars thou and thee and the nominative plural ye out of general use. It appears to have happened for social reasons, not linguistic reasons. They, their, them have been used continuously for six centuries, and have been disparaged in such use for about two centuries.
— Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of English Usage, 1994


A pronoun (abbreviated pro or prn) is a word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase. For transgender, nonbinary, and gender non-conforming people, choosing a preferred pronoun may be a very important part of gender presentation and how that person perceives their gender.

The adjective associated with "pronoun" is "pronominal". A pronominal is also a word or phrase that acts as a pronoun. For example, in That's not the one I need, the phrase the one is a pronominal.

Personal gender pronouns may be called "preferred" pronouns, but this phrasing can imply that using someone's pronouns is optional[1], and has fallen out of use.

Grammar

Pronouns (antōnymía) are listed as one of eight parts of speech in The Art of Grammar,[2] a treatise on Greek grammar attributed to Dionysius Thrax and dating from the 2nd century BC. The pronoun is described there as "a part of speech substitutable for a noun and marked for a person." Pronouns continued to be regarded as a part of speech in Latin grammar (the Latin term being pronomen, from which the English name – through Middle French – ultimately derives), and thus in the European tradition generally.

In more modern approaches, pronouns are less likely to be considered to be a single word class, because of the many different syntactic roles that they play, as represented by the various different types of pronouns listed in the previous sections.

Personal and possessive

Personal pronouns may be classified by person, number, gender and case. English has three persons (first, second and third) and two numbers (singular and plural). Most commonly recognized in the third person singular, there are also distinct pronoun forms for male, female and neutral gender.

English pronouns have a number of different contexts:

Common personal pronouns in standard Modern English
Person Number/Gender Subject Object Dependent possessive (determiner) Independent possessive Reflexive
First Singular I me my mine myself
Plural we us our ours ourselves
Second Singular you your yours yourself
Plural yourselves
Third Masculine he him his himself
Feminine she her hers herself
Neuter/Inanimate it its itself
Plural/Epicene they them their theirs themself / themselves
Singular/Epicene they them their theirs themself / themselves

List of pronouns

See main article: Pronoun/List

Exipronouns

Main article: Exipronoun
Exipronouns refer to "traditional" pronouns in a given language, and the term was coined as a complement to the word neopronoun.

Neopronouns

Main article: Neopronoun
Neopronouns are any set of singular, third person pronouns that are not officially recognized in a given language, typically created with the intent of being a gender neutral pronoun set.

Nounself

Main article: Nounself
Nounself pronouns are a subset of neopronouns that are more directly based on words, often nouns.

Emojiself

Main article: Emojiself
Emojiself pronouns are a subset of neopronouns and nounself pronouns that replace the content of the pronoun entirely with an emoji.

Misgendering

See main article: Misgendering Using the incorrect pronouns for someone, when you are aware of their pronouns, is misgendering[3]. Misgendering is an act of erasure and transphobia, which has been linked to mental health struggles and suicide[4]. The U.S. Transgender Survey states that 54% of those living with unsupportive families, where their family members may misgender them, had attempted suicide within their lifetime. 37% of those with supportive families had attempted suicide at some point of their lives.[5]

Because names and pronouns are the two ways people call and refer to others, they are personal and important. They are also key facets of our identity. Therefore, calling someone by the wrong name or “misgendering” them by using incorrect pronouns can feel disrespectful, harmful and even unsafe.
— Let’s Get It Right: Using Correct Pronouns and Names, ADL.org


According to the World Health Organization, violence is referred to as “the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation.”

When someone intentionally misgenders a transgender person, it can be noted as psychological abuse. Misgendering is dehumanizing; when you purposefully disregard someone’s gender, simply because they are not like you, it can lead to mental and physical harm.

— Intentionally Misgendering Transgender People is Considered Violence, http://affinitymagazine.us/2017/04/17/intentionally-misgendering-transgender-people-is-considered-violence/


Flags

Pronoun Path.png
An example of the "pronoun path" format for flags.
Halo halos by ezgender.png
Halo/haloself by Ezgender using zir format.
Like other parts of a person's identity, such as their gender or orientation (or even their kink or disability), flags may be made specifically for pronouns. Unlike other facets of queer identity, pronoun flags at large don't follow any real common convention. Flags for pronouns vary wildly in design, number of stripes, and symbols used. A pronoun flag format called "pronoun path" is used by Tumblr user mothpride. This refers to a specific design of flag that uses two overlapping stripes, with each flag being unaligned with any identity, just pronouns. The first example of this format being used was posted November 10th, 2020, and the term "pronoun path" was first used in another post the same day.[6]

In 2021, Ezgender designed a proposed "standard pronoun template" and released a free online template for it.[7]

Sources

Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.

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